Ionic Equilibrium
Kerala Board · Class 12 · Chemistry
Quick revision notes for Ionic Equilibrium — Kerala Board Class 12 Chemistry. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.
Key Topics to Revise
Concepts of Acids and Bases
- Three main theories: Arrhenius, Brønsted-Lowry, and Lewis concepts
- Arrhenius concept limited to aqueous solutions only
- Brønsted-Lowry concept involves proton transfer reactions
Ionization Constants and Strength of Acids and Bases
- Strong acids/bases ionize completely (Ka or Kb >> 1)
- Weak acids/bases ionize partially (Ka or Kb << 1)
- Higher Ka value means stronger acid
Ionic Product of Water and pH Scale
- Pure water undergoes auto-ionization: 2H₂O ⇌ H₃O⁺ + OH⁻
- Kw = [H₃O⁺][OH⁻] = 1.0 × 10⁻¹⁴ at 25°C
- In pure water: [H₃O⁺] = [OH⁻] = 1.0 × 10⁻⁷ M
Common Ion Effect
- Addition of common ion suppresses ionization of weak electrolyte
- Based on Le Chatelier's principle
- Degree of ionization decreases in presence of common ion
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Sources & Official References
- Kerala Board of Public Examinations — keralapareekshabhavan.in
- National Education Policy 2020 — education.gov.in
Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.
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