Probability
Kerala Board · Class 12 · Mathematics
Quick revision notes for Probability — Kerala Board Class 12 Mathematics. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.
Key Topics to Revise
Random Experiments and Sample Space
- Random experiment: An activity that can be repeated under identical conditions with unpredictable outcomes
- Sample space (S): The set of all possible outcomes of a random experiment
- Sample points: Individual elements of the sample space
Types of Events
- Equally likely events: Events with the same probability of occurrence
- Mutually exclusive events: Events that cannot occur simultaneously (A ∩ B = ∅)
- Exhaustive events: Events whose union equals the sample space (E₁ ∪ E₂ ∪ ... ∪ Eₙ = S)
Classical Definition and Basic Probability
- Classical definition: P(E) = Number of favorable outcomes / Total number of possible outcomes
- Probability range: 0 ≤ P(E) ≤ 1 for any event E
- P(impossible event) = 0, P(certain event) = 1
Addition Rule and Union of Events
- General addition rule: P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A ∩ B)
- For mutually exclusive events: P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B)
- Extension to three events: P(A ∪ B ∪ C) = P(A) + P(B) + P(C) - P(A ∩ B) - P(B ∩ C) - P(A ∩ C) + P(A ∩ B ∩ C)
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What are the important topics in Probability for Kerala Board Class 12 Mathematics?
Probability covers several key topics that are frequently asked in Kerala Board Class 12 board exams. Focus on the core concepts listed on this page and practise related questions to build confidence.
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Sources & Official References
- Kerala Board of Public Examinations — keralapareekshabhavan.in
- National Education Policy 2020 — education.gov.in
Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.
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