Electrical Charges and Fields

Electric charge is a fundamental property

Electric charge is a fundamental property of matter that exists in two types: positive (like glass rubbed with silk) and negative (like rubber rubbed

Coulomb's law states that the force

Coulomb's law states that the force between two point charges q₁ and q₂ separated by distance r is: F = k(q₁q₂)/r² where k = 9 × 10⁹ Nm²C⁻² = 1/(4πε₀)

Electric field E at a point

Electric field E at a point is defined as the force experienced by a unit positive test charge placed at that point: E = F/q₀ = lim(q₀→0) F/q₀. For a

An electric dipole consists of two

An electric dipole consists of two equal and opposite charges (+q and -q) separated by a small distance 2l. Dipole moment p = q × 2l (magnitude), dire

Electric field lines are imaginary lines

Electric field lines are imaginary lines whose tangent at any point gives the direction of electric field at that point. Key properties: (1) Start fro