Simple Harmonic Motion
Kerala Board · Class 12 · Physics
Quick revision notes for Simple Harmonic Motion — Kerala Board Class 12 Physics. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.
Key Topics to Revise
1. Basic Concepts and Definitions
- Periodic motion repeats itself at equal intervals of time (T = time period)
- Oscillatory motion is to-and-fro motion about a mean position
- SHM occurs when acceleration ∝ -displacement (a = -ω²x)
2. Mathematical Description of SHM
- Displacement equation: x = A sin(ωt + φ) or x = A cos(ωt + φ)
- Velocity: v = Aω cos(ωt + φ) [90° ahead of displacement]
- Acceleration: a = -Aω² sin(ωt + φ) [180° ahead of displacement]
3. Spring-Mass System
- Horizontal spring-mass: T = 2π√(m/k)
- Vertical spring-mass: same formula, gravity doesn't affect period
- Force constant k = F/x (force per unit extension)
4. Simple Pendulum
- Time period T = 2π√(l/g) (for small angles)
- Independent of mass and amplitude (for small oscillations)
- Restoring force = mg sin θ ≈ mgθ (for small θ)
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Sources & Official References
- Kerala Board of Public Examinations — keralapareekshabhavan.in
- National Education Policy 2020 — education.gov.in
Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.
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