System of Particles & Rotatory Motion
Kerala Board · Class 12 · Physics
Quick revision notes for System of Particles & Rotatory Motion — Kerala Board Class 12 Physics. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.
Key Topics to Revise
Rigid Body and Centre of Mass
- A rigid body is an idealized object where distances between particles remain constant even under external forces
- Centre of mass (CM) is the point where entire mass appears concentrated for translational motion analysis
- CM position depends only on mass distribution, not on external coordinate system
Rotational Kinematics
- Angular displacement θ measured in radians (1 revolution = 2π radians)
- All particles in rigid body have same angular velocity ω but different linear velocities
- Angular acceleration α is rate of change of angular velocity
Moment of Inertia
- Moment of inertia I is rotational analog of mass - measures resistance to angular acceleration
- I depends on mass distribution relative to rotation axis: I = Σmᵢrᵢ²
- For same object, I varies with choice of rotation axis
Torque and Rotational Dynamics
- Torque τ is rotational analog of force - produces angular acceleration
- Torque magnitude: τ = rF sin θ where θ is angle between r and F vectors
- Vector form: τ = r × F, direction given by right-hand rule
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Sources & Official References
- Kerala Board of Public Examinations — keralapareekshabhavan.in
- National Education Policy 2020 — education.gov.in
Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.
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