What is inside the atom

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According to Dalton, atoms were indivisible particles that could not be divided into smaller parts. All atoms of the same element were identical, and atoms of different elements were different from ea

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Faraday discovered that atoms could gain or lose charges during electrolysis. This contradicted Dalton's idea that atoms were indivisible because neutral atoms becoming charged suggested the presence

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1. Electron (e⁻) - negatively charged with negligible mass 2. Proton (p⁺) - positively charged, mass 1836 times that of electron 3. Neutron (n⁰) - no charge, mass nearly equal to proton

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Atoms are neutral because they contain equal numbers of positively charged protons and negatively charged electrons. The positive and negative charges cancel each other out, making the overall charge

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Thomson proposed that an atom is a sphere of uniform positive charge with electrons embedded in it like raisins in a pudding. The mass was uniformly distributed, and positive and negative charges bala

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Rutherford used fast-moving alpha particles (positively charged with 2 units of charge) and a thin gold foil. Alpha particles had enough energy to penetrate atoms, and gold could be made into very thi

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1. Most alpha particles passed straight through without deflection 2. Some particles deflected at small angles 3. Very few particles deflected at large angles 4. A tiny fraction (1 in 20,000) bounced

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Most alpha particles passed through because most of the space inside atoms is empty. The electrons are very small and don't significantly obstruct the path of alpha particles, allowing them to pass th