Environmental management

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An ecosystem is formed by biotic and abiotic factors and their interactions with each other. Main components are: 1) Biotic factors - living organisms like producers (plants), primary consumers (herbi

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A food chain is a sequence showing the flow of energy from one organism to another. Trophic levels are: 1) Primary producers (plants) 2) Primary consumers (herbivores) 3) Secondary consumers (carnivor

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Environment is a broad concept including all physical, chemical, and biological factors affecting living organisms. It includes natural and artificial factors. Ecosystem is a basic functional unit of

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Environmental pollution is unnecessary and unacceptable changes in the environment due to natural events or human activities that harm living beings. Main types include: 1) Air pollution 2) Water poll

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Major causes of environmental pollution are: 1) Population explosion 2) Fast industrialization 3) Indiscriminate use of natural resources 4) Deforestation 5) Unplanned urbanization 6) Excessive use of

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Biodiversity is the richness of living organisms in nature due to varieties of organisms, ecosystems, and genetic variations. Three levels are: 1) Genetic diversity - diversity among organisms of same

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Important environmental laws in India: 1) Forest Conservation Act, 1980 - prohibits use of forest land for other purposes 2) Environmental Protection Act, 1986 - controls pollution and punishes violat

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Biodiversity hotspots are highly sensitive areas with rich biodiversity that are under threat. There are 34 biodiversity hotspots globally. These areas once occupied 15.7% of Earth's area but now only