Heredity and Evolution

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Heredity is the transfer of biological characters from one generation to another via genes. Gregor Johann Mendel is considered the pioneer of modern genetics who studied inheritance patterns in pea pl

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Transcription is the process of RNA synthesis using DNA as a template. It occurs in the nucleus where mRNA is produced with a complementary sequence to the DNA strand. RNA contains uracil instead of t

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A triplet codon is a sequence of three nucleotides on mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid. Dr. Har Govind Khorana, an Indian-origin scientist, made important contributions in discovering triplet

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Translation is the process where amino acids are supplied by tRNA according to mRNA codons. tRNA has anticodons complementary to mRNA codons. Translocation is the movement of ribosome along mRNA by on

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Mutation is a sudden change in genes where nucleotides change their position, causing minor or major changes in organisms. Example: Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disorder caused by mutation in hemog

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Evolution is the gradual change occurring in living organisms over a long duration, leading to the formation of new species. Life appeared on Earth about 3.5 billion years ago, starting with simple co

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Morphological evidences are structural similarities between organisms indicating common ancestry. Examples include similar mouth structure, eye position, and nostril structure in related animals, and

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Anatomical evidences show similar bone and joint structures in organs with different functions. Examples: Human hand, ox foreleg, whale flipper, and bat wing have similar bone structure despite differ