Introduction to Microbiology
Maharashtra Board · Class 10 · Science
Flashcards for Introduction to Microbiology — Maharashtra Board Class 10 Science. Quick Q&A cards covering key concepts, definitions, and formulas.
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What is Applied Microbiology?
Answer
Applied Microbiology is a branch of biology that studies enzymes, proteins, genetics, and molecular biology of prokaryotes and eukaryotic microbes. This study is used to produce food and medicines on …
Define Industrial Microbiology and list its main features.
Answer
Industrial Microbiology is the science related to commercial use of microbes including economic, social, and environmental processes. Main features: A) Various productions through fermentation (bread,…
Which microorganisms are used in yoghurt production and what is their role?
Answer
Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii are used in 1:1 proportion. Streptococcus forms lactic acid which makes proteins gel out, giving dense consistency. Lactobacilli form acetaldeh…
Explain the cheese production process and the enzyme used.
Answer
Milk is tested, then microbes like Lactobacillus lactis, L. cremoris, and Streptococcus thermophilus are added for sourness. Protease enzyme from fungi is used (instead of traditional rennet) to make …
What are Probiotics and why are they important?
Answer
Probiotics are milk products containing active bacteria like Lactobacillus, Acidophilus, Bifidobacterium. They maintain intestinal microorganism balance, increase helpful digestive microbes, decrease …
How is bread made using yeast and why does it become spongy?
Answer
Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is mixed with flour, water, salt to form dough. Yeast ferments carbohydrates, converting sugar to CO₂ and ethanol. CO₂ makes the dough rise and bread becomes s…
Describe the complete process of vinegar production.
Answer
Step 1: Ethanol is obtained by fermenting carbon compounds (fruit juices, molasses, starch) using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Step 2: Bacterial strains (Acetobacter, Glucanobacter) convert ethanol to ac…
Complete this table: Coffee production involves which fruit and microbe?
Answer
Fruit: Coffea arabica, Microbe: Lactobacillus brevis, Role: Separating seeds from fruit to produce Coffee. (Other examples: Cocoa from Theobroma cacao using Candida/Hansenula; Wine from grapes using S…
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