Metallurgy

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1. Solid state (except mercury and gallium) 2. Metallic luster 3. Ductility and malleability 4. Good conductors of heat and electricity 5. High melting and boiling points 6. Sonority (produce sound wh

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1. Exist in solid or gaseous state (bromine is liquid) 2. No luster (except iodine crystals) 3. Not hard (except diamond) 4. Low melting and boiling points 5. Bad conductors of heat and electricity (e

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Metals are called electropositive elements because they lose electrons easily and become positively charged ions (cations). This happens because they have 1-3 electrons in their outermost shell and re

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4Na(s) + O₂(g) → 2Na₂O(s) Sodium metal combines with oxygen even at room temperature to form sodium oxide. The reaction is so vigorous that sodium catches fire, which is why it's stored in kerosene.

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Sodium and potassium react rapidly with cold water: 2Na(s) + 2H₂O(l) → 2NaOH(aq) + H₂(g) + heat 2K(s) + 2H₂O(l) → 2KOH(aq) + H₂(g) + heat Calcium reacts slowly: 2Ca(s) + 2H₂O(l) → 2Ca(OH)₂(aq) + H₂(g

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The reactivity series arranges metals in decreasing order of their reactivity. From the given metals: Mg > Al > Zn > Fe > Cu This series helps predict which metal can displace another from its salt s

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Aqua regia is a highly corrosive mixture of concentrated hydrochloric acid and concentrated nitric acid in the ratio 3:1. It is one of the few reagents that can dissolve noble metals like gold and pla

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Non-metals are called electronegative elements because they gain electrons to form negatively charged ions (anions). They have 4-7 electrons in their outermost shell and tend to gain electrons to comp