Heredity and Evolution
Maharashtra Board · Class 10 · Science
Quick revision notes for Heredity and Evolution — Maharashtra Board Class 10 Science. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.
Key Topics to Revise
Heredity and Hereditary Changes
- Heredity is the transfer of biological characters from one generation to another via genes
- Gregor Johann Mendel is the pioneer of modern genetics
- Hugo de Vries proposed mutational theory in 1901 to explain sudden changes
Transcription, Translation and Translocation
- Central Dogma: DNA → RNA → Proteins
- Transcription: RNA synthesis from DNA template in nucleus
- Only one DNA strand is used for transcription
Evolution
- Evolution is gradual change in living organisms over long duration
- Formation of new species due to natural selection
- Life started 3.5 billion years ago in oceans
Evidences of Evolution
- 1. Morphological Evidence: Similarities in structure indicate common ancestry
- 2. Anatomical Evidence: Similar bone structure in different animals (human hand, ox foreleg, whale flipper, bat wing)
- 3. Vestigial Organs: Degenerated or underdeveloped useless organs
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