Periodic Classification of Element
Maharashtra Board · Class 10 · Science
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Early Classification Methods
- Initially, elements were classified into metals, non-metals, and metalloids based on physical and chemical properties
- Dobereiner's Triads (1817): Groups of three elements with similar properties where atomic mass of middle element equals average of other two
- Examples of triads: Li-Na-K, Ca-Sr-Ba, Cl-Br-I
Mendeleev's Periodic Table
- Developed by Dmitri Mendeleev (1869-1872) based on atomic masses and properties
- Periodic Law: Properties of elements are periodic functions of their atomic masses
- Arranged 63 known elements in increasing order of atomic mass
Modern Periodic Table
- Based on Henry Moseley's work (1913) on atomic numbers and X-ray studies
- Modern Periodic Law: Properties of elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers
- Contains 7 periods (horizontal rows) and 18 groups (vertical columns)
Periodic Trends
- Valency: Determined by valence electrons, varies 1-4 across period then decreases
- Atomic size: Decreases left to right in period (increased nuclear charge), increases down group (additional shells)
- Metallic character: Decreases left to right in period, increases down group
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