Space Missions
Maharashtra Board · Class 10 · Science
Quick revision notes for Space Missions — Maharashtra Board Class 10 Science. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.
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Introduction to Space Missions
- Space missions are classified into two main categories: Earth-orbiting satellites and outer space exploration
- First artificial satellite 'Sputnik' was launched by Soviet Union in 1957
- Yuri Gagarin (USSR) was the first person to orbit Earth in 1961
Classification of Artificial Satellites
- Weather satellites: Study and predict weather patterns (INSAT, GSAT series)
- Communication satellites: Establish global communication using radio waves
- Broadcast satellites: Television program transmission
Orbits of Artificial Satellites
- Satellite orbits depend on function, height requirements, and coverage area
- Critical velocity (vc) is the tangential velocity needed for orbital motion
- Critical velocity is independent of satellite mass
Types of Satellite Orbits
- Low Earth Orbits (LEO): 180-2000 km height, 90-minute revolution period
- Used for scientific experiments, atmospheric studies, ISS, Hubble telescope
- Medium Earth Orbits (MEO): 2000-35,780 km height, 2-24 hour periods
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