Metallurgy
Maharashtra Board · Class 10 · Science
Complete topic list for Metallurgy in Maharashtra Board Class 10 Science. Key concepts, sub-topics, and what to focus on for board exams.
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Topics in Metallurgy
Physical Properties of Metals and Nonmetals
- Metals exist mainly in solid state (exceptions: mercury and gallium are liquid at room temperature)
- Metals possess metallic luster which decreases due to atmospheric oxygen and moisture
- Metals are ductile (can be drawn into wires) and malleable (can be hammered into sheets)
Chemical Properties of Metals
- Metals are electropositive elements - they lose electrons easily to form positive ions
- Metals react with oxygen to form metal oxides: 4Na + O₂ → 2Na₂O
- Some metal oxides are soluble in water and form alkalis: Na₂O + H₂O → 2NaOH
Reactivity Series of Metals
- Arrangement of metals in increasing or decreasing order of reactivity
- Order: K > Na > Ca > Mg > Al > Zn > Fe > Pb > H > Cu > Hg > Ag > Au > Pt
- Highly reactive metals: K, Na, Ca, Mg, Al
Chemical Properties of Nonmetals
- Nonmetals are electronegative elements - they gain electrons to form negative ions
- Nonmetals react with oxygen to form acidic oxides: C + O₂ → CO₂
- Some nonmetals form neutral oxides: 2C + O₂ → 2CO
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