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Biomolecules

Maharashtra Board · Class 11 · Biology

Quick revision notes for Biomolecules — Maharashtra Board Class 11 Biology. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.

45 questions26 flashcards5 concepts

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Key Topics to Revise

1

Carbohydrates

  • Carbohydrates are 'hydrates of carbon' with general formula Cx(H2O)y containing C, H, O in 1:2:1 ratio
  • Classification: Monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, galactose), Disaccharides (sucrose, lactose, maltose), Polysaccharides (starch, cellulose, glycogen)
  • Monosaccharides are building blocks - cannot be hydrolyzed further, have free aldehyde/ketone groups making them reducing sugars
2

Lipids

  • Lipids contain C, H, O with H:O ratio greater than 2:1, insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents
  • Fatty acids are hydrocarbon chains ending in carboxyl group (-COOH)
  • Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds (palmitic, stearic acids), unsaturated have one or more double bonds (oleic, linoleic acids)
3

Proteins

  • Proteins are polymers of amino acids linked by peptide bonds, containing C, H, O, N and sometimes S
  • 20 naturally occurring amino acids serve as building blocks
  • Primary structure: Linear sequence of amino acids
4

Nucleic Acids

  • Nucleic acids are polynucleotides composed of nucleotides (sugar + phosphate + nitrogenous base)
  • Two types: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid)
  • Nitrogenous bases: Purines (Adenine, Guanine - double ring), Pyrimidines (Cytosine, Thymine in DNA/Uracil in RNA - single ring)

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Full Notes

Key Concepts

Organic compounds with the general formulaWaterLarge molecules made of amino acidsPolynucleotides composed of nucleotides (sugar +Biological catalysts that are primarily proteins

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Biomolecules for Maharashtra Board Class 11 Biology?
Biomolecules covers several key topics that are frequently asked in Maharashtra Board Class 11 board exams. Focus on the core concepts listed on this page and practise related questions to build confidence.
How to score full marks in Biomolecules — Maharashtra Board Class 11 Biology?
Start by understanding all key concepts. Practise previous year questions from this chapter. Revise formulas and definitions regularly. Use flashcards for quick revision before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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