Cell Division
Maharashtra Board · Class 11 · Biology
Quick revision notes for Cell Division — Maharashtra Board Class 11 Biology. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.
Key Topics to Revise
Cell Cycle
- Cell cycle represents sequential events in the life of a dividing cell
- Consists of two main phases: Interphase (longest phase) and M-phase (division phase)
- Interphase has three sub-phases: G₁ (first growth), S (synthesis), and G₂ (second growth)
Types of Cell Division
- Three types: Amitosis (direct), Mitosis (indirect/equational), Meiosis (reductional)
- Amitosis: Simplest form, nucleus elongates and constricts, occurs in unicellular organisms and abnormal cells
- Mitosis: Produces two identical diploid daughter cells, can occur in both haploid and diploid cells
Mitosis - Detailed Process
- Four main phases: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
- Prophase: Chromatin condenses, centrioles migrate, nuclear membrane disappears, spindle formation begins
- Metaphase: Chromosomes align at equatorial plane (metaphase plate), spindle fully formed, centromeres divide
Meiosis - Detailed Process
- Two successive divisions: Meiosis I (reductional) and Meiosis II (equational)
- Meiosis I reduces chromosome number from diploid to haploid
- Prophase I has five sub-stages: Leptotene, Zygotene, Pachytene, Diplotene, Diakinesis
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