Some Analytical Techniques
Maharashtra Board · Class 11 · Chemistry
Quick revision notes for Some Analytical Techniques — Maharashtra Board Class 11 Chemistry. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.
Key Topics to Revise
Purification of Solids
- Two types of impurities exist: (1) Soluble in same solvent as main substance, (2) Insoluble in same solvent
- Filtration separates insoluble impurities - residue remains on filter paper, filtrate passes through
- Filtration under suction is faster and more efficient using Buchner funnel and vacuum pump
Distillation Techniques
- Simple distillation separates volatile liquids from non-volatile impurities or liquids with large boiling point differences (>25°C)
- Thermometer bulb must be just below side arm to measure vapor temperature accurately
- Fractional distillation uses fractionating column to separate liquids with small boiling point differences
Solvent Extraction
- Based on differential solubility of substance in two immiscible liquids
- Organic substance extracted from aqueous solution using immiscible organic solvent
- Solute distributes between two phases according to its relative solubility
Chromatographic Techniques
- Based on differential distribution of components between stationary and mobile phases
- Adsorption chromatography: separation by differential adsorption on solid stationary phase
- Partition chromatography: separation by differential partitioning between two liquid phases
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