Magnetism

Every magnet has two poles

Every magnet has two poles - north (N) and south (S). Unlike electric charges, isolated magnetic poles (monopoles) do not exist. When a magnet is brok

Magnetic field lines form closed loops

Magnetic field lines form closed loops from N to S pole outside the magnet and S to N inside. They never intersect, and their density indicates field

For a short bar magnet

For a short bar magnet: Axial field Ba = (μ₀/4π) × (2m/r³), Equatorial field Beq = (μ₀/4π) × (m/r³). The axial field is twice the equatorial field at

Magnetic pole strength qm corresponds

Magnetic pole strength qm corresponds to electric charge q. Magnetic field B corresponds to electric field E. The constant μ₀/4π in magnetism correspo

The net magnetic flux through any

The net magnetic flux through any closed surface is zero: ∮B⋅dS = 0. This is because magnetic field lines form closed loops - whatever enters a closed