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Respiration and Circulation

Maharashtra Board · Class 12 · Biology

Quick revision notes for Respiration and Circulation — Maharashtra Board Class 12 Biology. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.

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Key Topics to Revise

1

1. Introduction to Respiration

  • Respiration is the biochemical process of oxidation of organic compounds for liberation of chemical energy in the form of ATP
  • Overall equation: C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + 38 ATP
  • Gaseous exchange occurs between organism and environment at respiratory surfaces
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2. Human Respiratory System

  • Upper respiratory system: External nares, nasal cavities, internal nares, nasopharynx, nose, throat
  • Lower respiratory system: Larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs
  • Nose structure: Vestibule (filtering), Respiratory part (conditioning), Olfactory chamber (smell detection)
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3. Mechanism of Respiration

  • Four processes: A) Breathing, B) External respiration, C) Internal respiration, D) Cellular respiration
  • Breathing: Physical process involving inspiration and expiration
  • Inspiration: Active process - diaphragm flattens, intercostal muscles contract, thoracic volume increases
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4. Transport of Respiratory Gases

  • Oxygen transport: 97% as oxyhemoglobin (HbO₂), 3% dissolved in plasma
  • Hemoglobin equation: Hb + 4O₂ ⇌ Hb(4O₂)
  • Oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve: Sigmoid curve showing Hb saturation vs pO₂

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Full Notes

Key Concepts

Respiration is the biochemical processThe system consists of upper respiratoryBreathing involves inspiration (active process)Oxygen transportBlood consists of plasma (55%)

Frequently Asked Questions

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Respiration and Circulation covers several key topics that are frequently asked in Maharashtra Board Class 12 board exams. Focus on the core concepts listed on this page and practise related questions to build confidence.
How to score full marks in Respiration and Circulation — Maharashtra Board Class 12 Biology?
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Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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