Amines
Maharashtra Board · Class 12 · Chemistry
Quick revision notes for Amines — Maharashtra Board Class 12 Chemistry. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.
Key Topics to Revise
Classification and Nomenclature of Amines
- Primary (1°) amines: R-NH₂ (one alkyl/aryl group attached to N)
- Secondary (2°) amines: R₂NH (two alkyl/aryl groups attached to N)
- Tertiary (3°) amines: R₃N (three alkyl/aryl groups attached to N)
Preparation Methods of Amines
- Ammonolysis of alkyl halides: R-X + NH₃(excess) → R-NH₂ + HX
- Reduction of nitrocompounds: R-NO₂ + 6[H] → R-NH₂ + 2H₂O
- Reduction of nitriles: R-CN + 4[H] → R-CH₂-NH₂ (Mendius reduction)
Physical Properties and Basicity
- Boiling point order: Primary > Secondary > Tertiary (due to H-bonding)
- Intermolecular H-bonding: Primary (2 H) > Secondary (1 H) > Tertiary (0 H)
- Lower amines are gases with fishy odor, middle members are liquids
Chemical Properties and Reactions
- All amines are basic and turn red litmus blue
- Alkylation: Hofmann's exhaustive methylation gives quaternary ammonium salts
- Acylation: R-NH₂ + R'COCl → R-NH-COR' + HCl (in presence of pyridine)
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