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Chapter 14 of 16
Revision Notes

Biomolecules

Maharashtra Board · Class 12 · Chemistry

Quick revision notes for Biomolecules — Maharashtra Board Class 12 Chemistry. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.

44 questions20 flashcards5 concepts

Key Topics to Revise

1

14.1 Introduction and Classification of Biomolecules

  • Biomolecules are large molecules found in living organisms
  • Primary structural materials: proteins and cellulose
  • Energy sources: carbohydrates and lipids
2

14.2 Carbohydrates - Structure and Classification

  • Carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones
  • General formula: Cx(H2O)y (hydrates of carbon)
  • Classification: Monosaccharides, Oligosaccharides, Polysaccharides
3

14.2.3-14.2.10 Glucose Structure and Properties

  • Glucose preparation: From sucrose (acid hydrolysis) or starch (industrial method)
  • Structural evidence: C6H12O6, straight chain, one aldehyde group, five OH groups
  • Optical isomerism: 4 chiral carbons, D-configuration, dextrorotatory (+52.7°)
4

14.2.9 Important Disaccharides

  • Sucrose: α-glucose (C-1) + β-fructose (C-2), non-reducing, invert sugar on hydrolysis
  • Maltose: Two glucose units, α-1,4-glycosidic bond, reducing sugar
  • Lactose: β-galactose (C-1) + glucose (C-4), β-1,4-glycosidic bond, reducing sugar

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Full Notes

Key Concepts

Carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketonesGlucose (C6H12O6) exists in open chainFormed by condensation of two monosaccharidesαFour levels

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Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Biomolecules for Maharashtra Board Class 12 Chemistry?

Biomolecules covers several key topics that are frequently asked in Maharashtra Board Class 12 board exams. Focus on the core concepts listed on this page and practise related questions to build confidence.

Start by understanding all key concepts. Practise previous year questions from this chapter. Revise formulas and definitions regularly. Use flashcards for quick revision before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.