Solutions

Maharashtra Board · Class 12 · Chemistry

Quick revision notes for Solutions — Maharashtra Board Class 12 Chemistry. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.

42 questions20 flashcards5 concepts

Key Topics to Revise

Types of Solutions and Solubility

Solutions are homogeneous mixtures of solute and solvent in various physical states
Nine types of solutions exist based on states: solid-solid (alloys), liquid-liquid (ethanol-water), gas-liquid (CO₂-water), etc.
Saturated solution contains maximum solute at given temperature; supersaturated contains excess solute

Raoult's Law and Vapour Pressure

Raoult's Law: Partial vapour pressure of component = vapour pressure of pure component × mole fraction
For binary solutions: P₁ = x₁P₁⁰ and P₂ = x₂P₂⁰
Total pressure P = P₁ + P₂ = x₁P₁⁰ + x₂P₂⁰

Colligative Properties - Vapour Pressure Lowering

Colligative properties depend only on number of solute particles, not their nature
Four colligative properties: vapour pressure lowering, boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, osmotic pressure
Vapour pressure lowering occurs when nonvolatile solute is dissolved in volatile solvent

Boiling Point Elevation and Freezing Point Depression

Boiling point elevation occurs because solution has lower vapour pressure than pure solvent
Solution must be heated to higher temperature to reach atmospheric pressure for boiling
Freezing point depression occurs because solute molecules interfere with crystal formation

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Full Notes

Key Concepts

Solutions can be classified into 9Solubility is the maximum amountStates that solubility of gasVapor pressure of component in solutionProperties depending only on number

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Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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