Magnetic Fields due to Electric Current
Maharashtra Board · Class 12 · Physics
Quick revision notes for Magnetic Fields due to Electric Current — Maharashtra Board Class 12 Physics. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.
Key Topics to Revise
Magnetic Force and Lorentz Force
- Current-carrying wires in same direction attract each other, opposite directions repel
- Magnetic force on a moving charge: F⃗ = q(v⃗ × B⃗)
- Lorentz force combines electric and magnetic forces: F⃗ = q[E⃗ + (v⃗ × B⃗)]
Cyclotron Motion and Applications
- Charged particles undergo circular motion in perpendicular magnetic fields
- Radius of circular path: R = mv/(qB) = p/(qB)
- Cyclotron frequency: f = qB/(2πm) - independent of velocity
Magnetic Force on Current-Carrying Conductors
- Force on straight wire: F⃗ₘ = IL⃗ × B⃗
- For arbitrary shaped wire: F⃗ₘ = I∮dl⃗ × B⃗
- Net force on closed loop in uniform field is zero
Torque on Current Loop and Magnetic Dipole
- Current loop in magnetic field experiences torque: τ⃗ = μ⃗ × B⃗
- Magnetic dipole moment: μ⃗ = NIA⃗ (A⃗ perpendicular to loop plane)
- Torque magnitude: τ = μB sin θ (θ between μ⃗ and B⃗)
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