Oscillations
Maharashtra Board · Class 12 · Physics
Quick revision notes for Oscillations — Maharashtra Board Class 12 Physics. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.
Key Topics to Revise
Periodic and Oscillatory Motion
- Periodic motion repeats itself after a definite time interval called period (T)
- Oscillatory motion is a special case of periodic motion where the body moves to and fro about a mean position
- All oscillatory motions are periodic, but not all periodic motions are oscillatory
Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM)
- SHM is the simplest form of oscillatory motion where acceleration is proportional to displacement and directed towards mean position
- Restoring force: F = -kx (always directed towards equilibrium)
- Acceleration: a = -ω²x (proportional to displacement, opposite in direction)
Energy in Simple Harmonic Motion
- Total energy in SHM remains constant (energy conservation)
- Kinetic energy: KE = ½mv² = ½mω²(A² - x²)
- Potential energy: PE = ½kx² = ½mω²x²
Simple Pendulum
- Simple pendulum performs SHM for small angular displacements (θ < 10°)
- Restoring force: F = -mg sin θ ≈ -mgθ (for small θ)
- Time period: T = 2π√(L/g) - independent of mass and amplitude
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