Autumn

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Kalidas is the original poet. The poem has been translated into English by Prof. A. W. Ryder.

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Autumn is called a 'maiden fair' because the poet personifies the season as a beautiful, young woman. The word 'fair' means beautiful, and 'maiden' refers to a young unmarried woman. This creates a ge…

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Slender means slim or thin. In the poem, it describes Autumn as graceful and elegant, like a slim young woman.

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Autumn has 'nodding rice-stems in her hair' and 'lilies in her face'. The rice-stems represent the golden, swaying crops of autumn, while lilies symbolize purity and beauty.

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Autumn is 'clad in flowers of grasses' - meaning she is dressed in flowering grasses, representing the natural beauty of the autumn season.

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The cooing of birds is compared to 'a bracelet's tinkling song' - the gentle, musical sound that a bracelet makes when it moves.

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Diadem means a crown or royal headband. In the poem, it refers to the crown of stars that adorns the night sky.

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At night, Autumn wears 'a diadem of multitudinous stars' (a crown of many stars) and 'her silken robe is white moonlight, set free from cloudy bars' (moonlight as her silk dress, freed from cloud patc…