Current Electricity

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Electric potential is like an 'electric level' at a point. Just like water flows from higher level to lower level, positive charges flow from higher potential to lower potential. Electrons (negative c

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Potential difference is the difference between the values of potentials at two points. It is the work done to carry a unit positive charge from one point to another. Formula: V = W/Q, where V = potent

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Free electrons are the outermost electrons in metallic conductors that are weakly bound to the nucleus. They can easily move from one part of a conductor to another, carrying negative charge with them

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Electric current is the flow of electrons through a conductor. It is defined as the charge passing through a conductor in unit time. Formula: I = Q/t, where I = current, Q = charge, t = time. Unit: Am

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Historically, current was defined before the discovery of electrons. Scientists assumed positive charges were moving. Even though we now know electrons (negative charges) actually move from negative t

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Ohm's Law: If the physical state of a conductor remains constant, the current flowing through it is directly proportional to the potential difference between its ends. Mathematical expression: V = IR,

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Electrical resistance is the hindrance or opposition to the flow of electric current in a conductor. It is caused by collisions between moving electrons and atoms/ions in the conductor. When electrons

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One ohm resistance: If one ampere current flows through a conductor when one volt potential difference is applied between its ends, then the resistance is one ohm. Unit: Ohm (Ω). From Ohm's law: 1Ω =