Useful and Harmful Microbes

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Microbes are microscopic organisms that cannot be seen with naked eyes. Their main characteristics are: 1) They are very small in size, 2) They are present everywhere around us, 3) They can be useful …

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Lactobacilli are beneficial bacteria that are rod-shaped and rectangular. They are anaerobic bacteria, meaning they can produce energy without oxygen. They appear blue when stained with methylene blue…

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Lactobacilli convert lactose (milk sugar) into lactic acid through fermentation. This process decreases the pH of milk, causing coagulation of milk proteins. The proteins separate from other milk cons…

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1) Production of milk products like yogurt, buttermilk, cheese, shrikhand, 2) Large-scale production of pickles, cider, and cocoa, 3) Treatment of abdominal discomfort when combined with other useful …

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Probiotic foods are products containing useful microbes like lactobacilli. They benefit our health by: 1) Killing harmful bacteria like Clostridium in the alimentary canal, 2) Improving our immunity, …

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Rhizobium is a symbiotic bacteria found in root nodules of leguminous plants. It forms a mutually beneficial relationship called symbiosis with these plants. The bacteria appear as pinkish rod-shaped …

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In this symbiotic relationship: Rhizobium provides nitrates, nitrites, and amino acids to the plant from atmospheric nitrogen fixation. In exchange, the plant provides carbohydrates (energy) to the ba…

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Rhizobial inoculation is the process of coating seeds with rhizobial solution or powder before sowing. Benefits include: 1) Reducing use of chemical fertilizers, 2) Decreasing expenses on fertilizers,…