Carbon : An important element
Maharashtra Board · Class 9 · Science
Quick revision notes for Carbon : An important element — Maharashtra Board Class 9 Science. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.
Key Topics to Revise
Basic Properties and Occurrence of Carbon
- Carbon is a non-metallic element with symbol C, atomic number 6, atomic mass 12
- Electronic configuration: 2,4 with valency 4
- Forms 4 covalent bonds by sharing electrons
Allotropes of Carbon
- Carbon has crystalline forms (diamond, graphite, fullerene) and amorphous forms (coal, charcoal, coke)
- Diamond: Hardest natural substance, 3D tetrahedral structure, electrical insulator, density 3.5 g/cm³
- Graphite: Soft, layered hexagonal structure, electrical conductor, density 1.9-2.3 g/cm³
Hydrocarbons
- Hydrocarbons contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms
- Saturated hydrocarbons have only single bonds (alkanes)
- Unsaturated hydrocarbons have double or triple bonds (alkenes, alkynes)
Carbon Dioxide (CO₂)
- Molecular formula: CO₂, Molecular mass: 44, Melting point: -56.6°C
- Present in air as 0.03%, in exhaled air as 4%
- Colorless, odorless gas, denser than air
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