Measurement of Matter
Maharashtra Board · Class 9 · Science
Quick revision notes for Measurement of Matter — Maharashtra Board Class 9 Science. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.
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Key Topics to Revise
Laws of Chemical Combination
- Chemical combination follows specific laws discovered through accurate measurement of reactants and products
- Two main laws: Law of Conservation of Matter and Law of Constant Proportion
- These laws helped scientists write molecular formulae based on Dalton's atomic theory
Atomic Structure and Properties
- Atoms have nucleus (protons + neutrons) and electron orbits
- Atomic size determined by atomic radius, expressed in nanometers (10⁻⁹ m)
- Atomic mass concentrated in nucleus due to protons and neutrons
Molecular Mass and Mole Concept
- Molecular mass = sum of atomic masses of all atoms in molecule
- Expressed in Dalton (u) like atomic mass
- Mole: quantity whose mass in grams equals molecular mass in Daltons
Valency and Chemical Bonding
- Valency = capacity of element to combine with other elements
- Determined by number of electrons given away or taken up in ionic bonding
- Valency = number of valence electrons (outermost orbit electrons)
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