Metals and Non-metals
Madhya Pradesh Board · Class 10 · Science
Quick revision notes for Metals and Non-metals — Madhya Pradesh Board Class 10 Science. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.
Key Topics to Revise
Physical Properties of Metals and Non-metals
- Metals have metallic lustre (shining surface) in pure state - iron, copper, aluminium show this property
- Malleability: Metals can be beaten into thin sheets (gold and silver are most malleable)
- Ductility: Metals can be drawn into thin wires (gold is most ductile - 2 km wire from 1g gold)
Chemical Properties and Reactivity of Metals
- Metals react with oxygen to form basic metal oxides (some like Al₂O₃, ZnO are amphoteric)
- Reactivity with oxygen: K, Na > Mg > Al > Zn > Fe > Pb > Cu > Hg > Ag, Au (no reaction)
- Metals react with water: K, Na (violent reaction with cold water), Ca (less violent), Mg (hot water only)
Ionic Compounds Formation and Properties
- Metals lose electrons to form positive ions (cations), non-metals gain electrons to form negative ions (anions)
- Ionic compounds form through electron transfer between metals and non-metals
- Na loses 1 electron to form Na⁺, Cl gains 1 electron to form Cl⁻, forming NaCl
Occurrence and Extraction of Metals
- Metals occur as minerals in earth's crust; profitable minerals are called ores
- Least reactive metals (Au, Ag, Pt, Cu) found in free state
- Moderately reactive metals (Zn, Fe, Pb) found as oxides, sulfides, carbonates
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