Agriculture
Madhya Pradesh Board · Class 10 · Social Science
Quick revision notes for Agriculture — Madhya Pradesh Board Class 10 Social Science. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.
Key Topics to Revise
Types of Farming Systems
- Primitive Subsistence Farming: 'Slash and burn' agriculture practiced on small patches with primitive tools (hoe, dao, digging sticks)
- Known by different names: Jhumming (NE states), Pamlou (Manipur), Dipa (Bastar), Bewar/Dahiya (MP), Podu/Penda (AP)
- Intensive Subsistence Farming: Labor-intensive with high biochemical inputs, practiced in high population density areas
Cropping Seasons and Patterns
- Rabi Season: October-December sowing, April-June harvesting (wheat, barley, peas, gram, mustard)
- Kharif Season: Monsoon onset sowing, September-October harvesting (rice, maize, cotton, jute, sugarcane)
- Zaid Season: Summer months between rabi and kharif (watermelon, muskmelon, cucumber, vegetables)
Major Food Crops
- Rice: Staple food, second largest producer after China, requires >25°C temperature, >100cm rainfall
- Wheat: Second most important cereal, cool growing season, 50-75cm rainfall, main in north-west India
- Millets: Jowar, Bajra, Ragi - nutritious coarse grains, drought-resistant, grown in dry regions
Cash Crops and Plantation Crops
- Oil Seeds: Groundnut (kharif), Mustard (rabi), covers 12% of cropped area, India second largest groundnut producer
- Tea: Plantation crop, tropical/subtropical climate, labor-intensive, processed within gardens, major in Assam, West Bengal
- Coffee: Arabica variety, confined to Nilgiris, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, high international demand
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