Respiration in Plants
Madhya Pradesh Board · Class 11 · Biology
Flashcards for Respiration in Plants — Madhya Pradesh Board Class 11 Biology. Quick Q&A cards covering key concepts, definitions, and formulas.
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What is cellular respiration and why is it essential for all living organisms?
Answer
Cellular respiration is the breaking of C-C bonds of complex organic molecules by oxidation, leading to the release of energy. It is essential because all living organisms need energy for daily life a…
How do plants exchange gases without specialized respiratory organs?
Answer
Plants use stomata and lenticels for gaseous exchange by diffusion. They don't need specialized organs because: 1) Each plant part takes care of its own gas-exchange needs, 2) Plants have lower gas ex…
Define glycolysis and state where it occurs in the cell.
Answer
Glycolysis is the partial oxidation of glucose to form two molecules of pyruvic acid. The term comes from Greek words 'glycos' (sugar) and 'lysis' (splitting). It occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell a…
Calculate the net ATP gain from glycolysis of one glucose molecule.
Answer
Net ATP gain = 2 molecules. ATP is used at 2 steps (glucose to glucose-6-phosphate and fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate). ATP is produced at 2 steps (BPGA to PGA and PEP to pyruvic ac…
What are the three major metabolic fates of pyruvic acid produced by glycolysis?
Answer
1) Lactic acid fermentation - pyruvic acid is converted to lactic acid (in muscle cells during exercise or bacteria), 2) Alcoholic fermentation - pyruvic acid is converted to ethanol and CO₂ (in yeast…
Compare alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation.
Answer
Alcoholic fermentation: Occurs in yeast, produces ethanol and CO₂, enzymes involved are pyruvic acid decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase. Lactic acid fermentation: Occurs in bacteria and muscle ce…
Why do yeasts 'poison themselves to death' during alcoholic fermentation?
Answer
During alcoholic fermentation, yeasts produce ethanol as a waste product. When the alcohol concentration reaches about 13%, it becomes toxic to the yeast cells and kills them. This is why naturally fe…
What are the two crucial events in aerobic respiration and where do they occur?
Answer
1) Complete oxidation of pyruvate by stepwise removal of hydrogen atoms, leaving 3 CO₂ molecules - occurs in the matrix of mitochondria, 2) Passing electrons from hydrogen atoms to molecular O₂ with s…
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