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Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties

Madhya Pradesh Board · Class 11 · Chemistry

Quick revision notes for Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties — Madhya Pradesh Board Class 11 Chemistry. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.

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Key Topics to Revise

1

Historical Development of Periodic Classification

  • Johann Dobereiner (1829): Proposed Law of Triads - groups of three elements with similar properties where the middle element's atomic weight was approximately the average of the other two
  • Examples of triads: Li-Na-K (7-23-39), Ca-Sr-Ba (40-88-137), Cl-Br-I (35.5-80-127)
  • John Newlands (1865): Law of Octaves - every eighth element had properties similar to the first, like musical octaves
2

Modern Periodic Law and Table Structure

  • Henry Moseley (1913): Discovered that atomic number, not atomic weight, is the fundamental property
  • Modern Periodic Law: Properties of elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers
  • Modern Periodic Table has 7 periods (horizontal rows) and 18 groups (vertical columns)
3

Electronic Configuration and Periodic Table

  • Element's position in periodic table directly relates to its electronic configuration
  • Period indicates the outermost principal energy level (n value)
  • Number of elements in periods: 2, 8, 8, 18, 18, 32, 32 (theoretical)
4

Classification into s, p, d, f Blocks

  • s-block: Groups 1-2, outer configuration ns¹⁻²
  • p-block: Groups 13-18, outer configuration ns²np¹⁻⁶
  • d-block: Groups 3-12, outer configuration (n-1)d¹⁻¹⁰ns⁰⁻²

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Key Concepts

The journey began with Döbereiner's LawAfter Moseley's discovery of atomic numbersThe modern periodic table has 7Elements are classified based onAtomic radius decreases across a period

Frequently Asked Questions

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Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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