Structure of Atom
Madhya Pradesh Board · Class 11 · Chemistry
Quick revision notes for Structure of Atom — Madhya Pradesh Board Class 11 Chemistry. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.
Key Topics to Revise
Discovery of Subatomic Particles
- Dalton's atomic theory (1808) proposed atoms as indivisible particles
- Cathode ray experiments led to discovery of electrons (1897 by J.J. Thomson)
- Cathode rays are streams of negatively charged particles (electrons)
Atomic Models
- Thomson's Plum Pudding Model (1898): Positive sphere with embedded electrons
- Rutherford's Nuclear Model (1911): Dense positive nucleus with orbiting electrons
- α-particle scattering experiment: Most particles passed through, few deflected, very few bounced back
Electromagnetic Radiation and Quantum Theory
- Electromagnetic radiation has wave properties: frequency (ν), wavelength (λ), amplitude
- All EM radiation travels at speed of light (c = 3 × 10⁸ m/s) in vacuum
- Black body radiation couldn't be explained by classical physics
Atomic Spectra and Bohr's Atomic Model
- Line spectra show atoms emit/absorb specific wavelengths only
- Continuous spectrum shows all wavelengths (like rainbow)
- Hydrogen spectrum: Lyman (UV), Balmer (visible), Paschen (IR) series
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