Structure and Physiography
Madhya Pradesh Board · Class 11 · Geography
Quick revision notes for Structure and Physiography — Madhya Pradesh Board Class 11 Geography. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.
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Geological Structure of India
- Earth is approximately 4600 million years old with continuous evolution through endogenic and exogenic forces
- Indian plate was originally south of equator and included Australian plate
- Northward movement of Indian plate continues today with significant consequences
Physiographic Divisions of India
- Six major physiographic divisions: Northern Mountains, Northern Plains, Peninsular Plateau, Indian Desert, Coastal Plains, Islands
- Each division has distinct relief, climate, drainage, and vegetation patterns
- Divisions are based on geological structure, relief features, and geomorphological processes
The Northern and Northeastern Mountains
- Include Himalayas and Northeastern hills with parallel mountain ranges
- Length: 2,500 km (east-west), Width: 160-400 km (north-south)
- Orientation varies: NW-SE in northwest, E-W in Darjeeling-Sikkim, SW-NW in Arunachal Pradesh
The Northern Plains
- Formed by alluvial deposits of Indus, Ganga, and Brahmaputra rivers
- Length: 3,200 km (east-west), Width: 150-300 km, Depth: 1,000-2,000 m
- Three zones: Bhabar (8-10 km), Tarai (10-20 km), Alluvial Plains
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