Mechanical Properties of Fluids
Madhya Pradesh Board · Class 11 · Physics
Flashcards for Mechanical Properties of Fluids — Madhya Pradesh Board Class 11 Physics. Quick Q&A cards covering key concepts, definitions, and formulas.
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What is the fundamental difference between fluids and solids?
Answer
Fluids (liquids and gases) can flow and have no definite shape of their own, taking the shape of their container. Solids have a definite shape. Fluids offer very little resistance to shear stress (abo…
Define pressure and write its formula.
Answer
Pressure is the normal force acting per unit area. Formula: P = F/A, where F is the normal force and A is the area. In limiting sense: P = lim(ΔA→0) ΔF/ΔA. Unit: Pascal (Pa) or N/m². Pressure is a sca…
State Pascal's Law and give one practical application.
Answer
Pascal's Law: Pressure in a fluid at rest is same at all points at the same height. When external pressure is applied to any part of a fluid in a vessel, it is transmitted undiminished and equally in …
Derive the formula for pressure variation with depth in a fluid.
Answer
Consider a cylindrical fluid element of height h and area A. Forces: P₁A (downward), P₂A (upward), mg (weight). For equilibrium: P₂A - P₁A = mg = ρghA. Therefore: P₂ - P₁ = ρgh. If P₁ = Pₐ (atmospheri…
What is gauge pressure? How is it different from absolute pressure?
Answer
Gauge pressure is the excess pressure above atmospheric pressure: Gauge pressure = P - Pₐ = ρgh. Absolute pressure is the total pressure including atmospheric pressure: P = Pₐ + ρgh. Most pressure mea…
Explain the working principle of a mercury barometer.
Answer
A mercury barometer measures atmospheric pressure. A glass tube filled with mercury is inverted in a mercury trough. The mercury column height h is supported by atmospheric pressure: Pₐ = ρgh. At sea …
Define streamline flow and write the equation of continuity.
Answer
Streamline flow: Steady flow where velocity at any point remains constant with time. Particles follow smooth paths (streamlines) that don't cross. Equation of continuity: A₁v₁ = A₂v₂ (for incompressib…
State Bernoulli's principle and write Bernoulli's equation.
Answer
Bernoulli's Principle: As we move along a streamline, the sum of pressure, kinetic energy per unit volume, and potential energy per unit volume remains constant. Equation: P + ½ρv² + ρgh = constant. T…
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