Motion in a Straight Line

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Motion is the change in position of an object with time. An object is said to be in motion if its position changes with respect to time. Motion is described relative to a chosen reference point or ori

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Rectilinear motion is the motion of an object along a straight line. Examples: (1) A car moving on a straight road, (2) A ball falling vertically downward under gravity, (3) Motion of a lift in a buil

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Displacement is the change in position of an object. It is given by Δx = x₂ - x₁. Displacement is a vector quantity (has direction) and can be positive, negative, or zero. Distance is the actual path

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Average velocity is the total displacement divided by the total time taken. Formula: v̄ = Δx/Δt = (x₂ - x₁)/(t₂ - t₁). SI unit: m/s (meter per second). It can be positive, negative, or zero depending

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Instantaneous velocity is the velocity of an object at a particular instant of time. It is calculated as: v = lim(Δt→0) Δx/Δt = dx/dt. Graphically, it equals the slope of the tangent to the position-t

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Speed is the rate of change of distance (scalar quantity, always positive). Velocity is the rate of change of displacement (vector quantity, can be positive or negative). Speed = distance/time, Veloci

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Average acceleration is the change in velocity divided by the time interval. Formula: a = Δv/Δt = (v₂ - v₁)/(t₂ - t₁). SI unit: m/s² (meter per second squared). It can be positive, negative, or zero.

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Instantaneous acceleration is the acceleration at a particular instant of time. Formula: a = lim(Δt→0) Δv/Δt = dv/dt. On a velocity-time graph, it equals the slope of the tangent to the curve at that