Laws of Motion
Madhya Pradesh Board · Class 11 · Physics
Quick revision notes for Laws of Motion — Madhya Pradesh Board Class 11 Physics. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.
Key Topics to Revise
Historical Background and Aristotle's Fallacy
- Aristotle believed that external force is required to keep a body in uniform motion - this was incorrect
- Galileo's revolutionary insight: uniform motion and rest are equivalent states - both require zero net force
- Galileo's inclined plane experiments showed that objects move with constant velocity on frictionless horizontal surfaces
Newton's First Law of Motion (Law of Inertia)
- Every body continues in its state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line unless compelled by external force
- First law applies when net external force is zero
- If net force = 0, then acceleration = 0
Newton's Second Law of Motion
- Rate of change of momentum is proportional to applied force and occurs in direction of force
- For constant mass: F = ma
- For variable mass: F = dp/dt
Newton's Third Law of Motion
- To every action, there is always an equal and opposite reaction
- Forces always occur in pairs between two bodies
- Action and reaction forces act simultaneously, not sequentially
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