Thermal Properties of Matter
Madhya Pradesh Board · Class 11 · Physics
Quick revision notes for Thermal Properties of Matter — Madhya Pradesh Board Class 11 Physics. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.
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Key Topics to Revise
Temperature and Heat
- Temperature is a measure of hotness or coldness of a body - it's a relative measure
- Heat is energy transferred between systems due to temperature difference
- Heat flows from higher temperature to lower temperature until thermal equilibrium is reached
Ideal Gas Equation and Absolute Temperature
- Ideal gas equation relates pressure, volume, and temperature of a gas
- Absolute zero is -273.15°C, the lowest possible temperature
- Kelvin scale starts from absolute zero (0 K = -273.15°C)
Thermal Expansion
- Most substances expand on heating and contract on cooling
- Three types: linear expansion, area expansion, volume expansion
- Expansion depends on material, original dimension, and temperature change
Specific Heat Capacity
- Different substances require different amounts of heat for same temperature change
- Specific heat capacity is characteristic property of each substance
- Water has highest specific heat capacity among common substances (4186 J kg⁻¹ K⁻¹)
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