Human Memory

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Memory refers to retaining and recalling information over a period of time. The three main stages are: 1. Encoding - Recording and registering information for the first time 2. Storage - Retaining inf

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The three memory systems are: 1. Sensory Memory - Large capacity, very short duration (less than 1 second), registers exact replica of stimuli 2. Short-term Memory (STM) - Limited capacity (7±2 items)

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Both are types of sensory memory: - Iconic Memory: Visual sensory register that holds visual information (like visual after-images when a bulb is switched off) - Echoic Memory: Auditory sensory regist

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Control processes monitor the flow of information through memory stores. Three examples are: 1. Selective Attention - Decides what information moves from sensory registers to STM 2. Maintenance Rehear

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Chunking combines smaller units into larger meaningful chunks to expand STM capacity. Example: To remember the digits 194719492004, you can chunk them as: - 1947 (India's independence) - 1949 (Indian

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Maintenance Rehearsal: - Simple repetition to maintain information in STM - Information is lost when repetition stops Elaborative Rehearsal: - Connects new information to existing knowledge in LTM -

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Working Memory is a multicomponent system that holds and manipulates information during cognitive tasks. Its three components are: 1. Phonological Loop - Holds limited sounds, decays in 2 seconds with

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The three levels of processing by Craik and Lockhart are: 1. Structural Level (Shallowest) - Physical features like shape, color of letters 2. Phonetic Level (Intermediate) - Sound features of words 3