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Madhya Pradesh Board · Class 11 · Psychology
Flashcards for Learning — Madhya Pradesh Board Class 11 Psychology. Quick Q&A cards covering key concepts, definitions, and formulas.
What is the definition of learning in psychology?
Answer
Learning is any relatively permanent change in behaviour or behavioural potential produced by experience or practice. It excludes temporary changes due to fatigue, drugs, or habituation.
How is learning different from performance?
Answer
Learning is an inferred process - the internal change that occurs in the mind. Performance is the observed behaviour/response/action that we can see. We infer learning has occurred by observing change
What are the key features of learning?
Answer
1. Always involves experience 2. Results in relatively permanent behavioural changes 3. Must be distinguished from temporary changes due to fatigue, drugs, or habituation 4. Involves a sequence of psy
Define classical conditioning and identify its key components.
Answer
Classical conditioning is learning through association of stimuli. Key components: US (Unconditioned Stimulus) - naturally causes response, UR (Unconditioned Response) - natural response, CS (Conditio
Describe Pavlov's famous experiment with dogs.
Answer
Pavlov rang a bell (CS) before presenting food (US) to dogs. Initially, only food caused salivation (UR). After repeated pairings, the bell alone caused salivation (CR). The dogs learned to associate
What are the four types of classical conditioning based on time relations?
Answer
1. Simultaneous conditioning - CS and US presented together 2. Delayed conditioning - CS precedes US (most effective) 3. Trace conditioning - CS ends before US begins 4. Backward conditioning - US pre
What is operant conditioning and how does it differ from classical conditioning?
Answer
Operant conditioning involves learning through consequences of behaviour. Responses are voluntary (operants) and controlled by the organism. Unlike classical conditioning where responses are reflexive
Describe Skinner's rat experiment in the Skinner Box.
Answer
A hungry rat was placed in a box with a lever. When the rat accidentally pressed the lever while exploring, food pellets dropped. Through repeated trials, the rat learned to press the lever immediatel
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