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Madhya Pradesh Board · Class 11 · Psychology
Quick revision notes for Learning — Madhya Pradesh Board Class 11 Psychology. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.
Key Topics to Revise
Nature and Features of Learning
- Learning is defined as any relatively permanent change in behaviour or behavioural potential produced by experience
- Learning is an inferred process - we cannot directly observe learning, only its effects through performance
- Learning involves experience - either single powerful experiences or repeated experiences
Classical Conditioning
- First investigated by Ivan Pavlov during digestion studies with dogs
- Involves pairing a neutral stimulus (CS) with an unconditioned stimulus (US)
- Creates association between stimuli (S-S learning)
Operant/Instrumental Conditioning
- Investigated by B.F. Skinner using Skinner Box experiments
- Focuses on voluntary behaviours (operants) and their consequences
- Learning occurs through reinforcement of desired responses
Learning Processes and Phenomena
- Extinction: Gradual disappearance of learned response when reinforcement stops
- Generalisation: Responding similarly to similar stimuli
- Discrimination: Responding differently to different stimuli
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