Thinking
Madhya Pradesh Board · Class 11 · Psychology
Quick revision notes for Thinking — Madhya Pradesh Board Class 11 Psychology. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.
Key Topics to Revise
Nature and Characteristics of Thinking
- Thinking is a higher mental process involving manipulation and analysis of acquired or existing information
- It involves abstracting, reasoning, imagining, problem-solving, judging, and decision-making
- Thinking is mostly organized and goal-directed
Problem Solving
- Problem solving is thinking that is goal-directed with an initial state (problem) and end state (goal)
- Seven steps: Identify problem → Represent problem → Plan solution → Evaluate solutions → Select and execute → Evaluate outcome → Rethink and redefine
- Mental set: tendency to solve problems using previously successful methods, can help or hinder
Reasoning and Judgment
- Deductive reasoning: from general assumption to specific conclusion (general to particular)
- Inductive reasoning: from specific observations to general conclusion (particular to general)
- Analogy: A is to B as C is to D (four-part relationship)
Decision-Making
- Decision-making involves choosing among alternatives by evaluating costs and benefits
- Differs from problem-solving as solutions/choices are already known
- Involves evaluation of all possible outcomes
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Thinking covers several key topics that are frequently asked in Madhya Pradesh Board Class 11 board exams. Focus on the core concepts listed on this page and practise related questions to build confidence.
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Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.
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