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Biodiversity and Conservation

Madhya Pradesh Board · Class 12 · Biology

Quick revision notes for Biodiversity and Conservation — Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 Biology. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.

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Pie charts illustrating the proportionate number of species for major groups of invertebrates, vertebrates, and plants, based on Robert May's global estimates.
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Key Topics to Revise

1

Understanding Biodiversity

  • Biodiversity is the term popularized by Edward Wilson describing combined diversity at all biological organization levels
  • Three main levels: Genetic diversity (50,000+ rice strains in India), Species diversity (Western Ghats vs Eastern Ghats amphibians), Ecological diversity (India's varied ecosystems)
  • Total described species: 1.5 million globally, but estimated 7 million species exist (Robert May's estimate)
2

Patterns of Biodiversity

  • Latitudinal Gradient: Species diversity decreases from equator to poles
  • Tropical regions (23.5°N to 23.5°S) have highest diversity
  • Examples: Colombia (equator) - 1,400 bird species, New York (41°N) - 105 species, Greenland (71°N) - 56 species
3

Importance of Species Diversity

  • David Tilman's experiments: Higher diversity = less year-to-year biomass variation + higher productivity
  • More diverse communities are more stable, resistant to disturbances, and resistant to invasions
  • Rivet Popper Hypothesis (Paul Ehrlich): Species like rivets in airplane - loss affects ecosystem stability
4

Biodiversity Loss and Extinctions

  • Current extinction rates: 100-1000 times faster than pre-human times
  • IUCN Red List (2004): 784 species extinct in last 500 years (338 vertebrates, 359 invertebrates, 87 plants)
  • Famous extinctions: Dodo (Mauritius), Quagga (Africa), Thylacine (Australia), Steller's Sea Cow (Russia)

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Key Concepts

BiodiversityOver 1Species diversity generally decreases from equatorAlexander von Humboldt discovered that species(1) Habitat loss and fragmentation

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Biodiversity and Conservation for Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 Biology?
Biodiversity and Conservation covers several key topics that are frequently asked in Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 board exams. Focus on the core concepts listed on this page and practise related questions to build confidence.
How to score full marks in Biodiversity and Conservation — Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 Biology?
Start by understanding all key concepts. Practise previous year questions from this chapter. Revise formulas and definitions regularly. Use flashcards for quick revision before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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