The d-and f-Block Elements
Madhya Pradesh Board · Class 12 · Chemistry
Quick revision notes for The d-and f-Block Elements — Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 Chemistry. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.
Key Topics to Revise
Position and Electronic Configuration
- d-block elements: Groups 3-12, with general electronic configuration (n-1)d¹⁻¹⁰ns¹⁻²
- Four transition series: 3d (Sc-Zn), 4d (Y-Cd), 5d (La, Hf-Hg), 6d (Ac, Rf-Cn)
- Exceptions in electronic configuration: Cr [Ar]3d⁵4s¹, Cu [Ar]3d¹⁰4s¹ (due to stability of half-filled and completely filled d-orbitals)
Physical and Chemical Properties
- Physical properties: High melting/boiling points, metallic luster, good conductors, high density
- Atomic and ionic radii decrease across a series due to increasing nuclear charge
- Lanthanoid contraction: Gradual decrease in size of lanthanoid atoms/ions due to poor shielding of 4f electrons
Important Compounds - Potassium Dichromate (K₂Cr₂O₇)
- Preparation from chromite ore (FeCr₂O₄) by alkaline fusion followed by acidification
- Orange colored crystals, strong oxidizing agent in acidic medium
- Chromate-dichromate equilibrium depends on pH
Important Compounds - Potassium Permanganate (KMnO₄)
- Preparation by oxidation of MnO₂ in alkaline medium followed by disproportionation
- Deep purple crystals, strong oxidizing agent in all media
- Different reduction products in different pH: Mn²⁺ (acidic), MnO₂ (neutral), MnO₄²⁻ (basic)
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