Human Geography Nature and Scope
Madhya Pradesh Board · Class 12 · Geography
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Nature of Geography and Human Geography
- Geography is integrative, empirical, and practical - studies phenomena that vary over space and time
- Earth comprises two major components: physical environment (nature) and life forms including humans
- Physical geography studies natural environment; human geography studies relationship between physical and human worlds
Human-Environment Interaction and Technology
- Humans interact with physical environment through technology
- Technology indicates level of cultural development of society
- Understanding natural laws helps develop better technology (friction-fire, DNA-medicine, aerodynamics-planes)
Schools of Thought in Human Geography
- Environmental Determinism: Early stage where humans were greatly influenced by nature, adapted to natural dictates due to low technology
- Possibilism: Humans create possibilities with environmental resources, nature gets humanized
- Neo-determinism (Stop and Go Determinism): Middle path by Griffith Taylor - humans can conquer nature by obeying it
Evolution of Human Geography
- Early Colonial Period: Exploration and description for imperial and trade interests
- Later Colonial Period: Regional analysis with elaborate description of all aspects
- 1930s Inter-war Period: Areal differentiation focusing on regional uniqueness
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