Bricks, Beads and Bones (The Harappan Civilization)
Madhya Pradesh Board · Class 12 · History
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See them allWhat are the three main phases of the Harappan Civilization and their time periods?
Answer
1. Early Harappan (6000-2600 BCE) - Formative phase with small settlements and basic crafts 2. Mature Harappan (2600-1900 BCE) - Urban phase with planned cities and peak prosperity 3. Late Harappan (1…
Why is the civilization called both 'Harappan' and 'Indus Valley' Civilization?
Answer
It is called 'Harappan' because Harappa was the first site discovered and excavated. It is called 'Indus Valley' because most sites are located in the Indus river basin. However, many sites are also f…
Name the five major Harappan cities and their significance.
Answer
1. Rakhigarhi (India) - Largest Harappan site 2. Mohenjodaro (Pakistan) - Best preserved, famous for Great Bath 3. Harappa (Pakistan) - First discovered site 4. Dholavira (Gujarat) - Unique water mana…
What crops did the Harappans cultivate, and how do we know about their agriculture?
Answer
Crops: Wheat, barley, lentil, chickpea, sesame, millets (in Gujarat), and limited rice. Evidence: Charred grains and seeds studied by archaeo-botanists, terracotta plough models, ploughed field at Kal…
Describe the standardized brick ratio used in Harappan construction and its significance.
Answer
Harappan bricks followed a standardized ratio of 4:2:1 (length:breadth:height). This means if height was 1 unit, breadth was 2 units, and length was 4 units. This standardization across all Harappan s…
What were the key features of Harappan urban planning as seen in Mohenjodaro?
Answer
1. Two-part division: Citadel (higher, smaller) and Lower Town (larger, lower) 2. Grid pattern streets intersecting at right angles 3. Advanced drainage system with covered drains 4. Houses built on r…
What was the Great Bath of Mohenjodaro and what was its probable purpose?
Answer
The Great Bath was a large rectangular water tank (12m x 7m x 2.4m deep) located on the Citadel. Features: watertight construction with bricks set in gypsum mortar, steps on north and south sides, sur…
How did Harappan houses reflect concern for privacy and hygiene?
Answer
Privacy: No windows at ground level facing streets, main entrance didn't provide direct view of interior/courtyard, rooms centered around private courtyards. Hygiene: Every house had private bathroom …
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