Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 Sociology — Flashcards for Quick Revision

A: Unlike other subjects where students start from zero, everyone already knows something about society before studying Sociology. This prior knowledge is both an advantage (students aren't afraid of the

A: Common sense is our prior knowledge about society acquired from our particular social group and environment. It's problematic because it's 'partial' in two ways: (1) incomplete - shows only part of so

A: Self-reflexivity is the ability to reflect upon yourself and look at yourself 'from the outside'. It involves turning your gaze (usually directed outward) back towards yourself with critical self-insp

A: Colonialism is the establishment of rule by one country over another. Unlike pre-capitalist conquerors who simply extracted tribute without interfering with the economic base, British colonialism was

A: Capitalism is an economic system in which the means of production are privately owned and organized to accumulate profits within a market system. Key characteristics include: dynamism, potential for g

A: A nation-state is a type of state characteristic of the modern world where a government has sovereign power within a defined territorial area, and people are citizens of a single nation. Nation-states

A: Demography is the systematic study of population. The term comes from Greek words 'demos' (people) and 'graphein' (describe). It studies trends and processes associated with population including chang

A: Formal Demography: A largely quantitative field focused on measurement and analysis of population components using mathematical methodology for forecasting. Social Demography: Focuses on social, econo

A: Thomas Malthus (1798) argued that population grows in geometric progression (2,4,8,16...) while food production grows in arithmetic progression (2,4,6,8...). Since population growth outstrips food sup