Improvement in Food Resources
Madhya Pradesh Board · Class 9 · Science
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12.1 Improvement in Crop Yields
- India's population exceeds one billion and requires over 250 million tonnes of grain annually
- Green Revolution increased food grain production; White Revolution improved milk production
- Three main approaches: Crop variety improvement, Crop production improvement, Crop protection management
12.1.1 Crop Variety Improvement
- Variety improvement focuses on: Higher yield, Improved quality, Biotic and abiotic resistance
- Change in maturity duration allows multiple crops per year
- Wider adaptability helps crops grow in different environmental conditions
12.1.2 Crop Production Management - Nutrient Management
- Plants get nutrients from air (carbon, oxygen), water (hydrogen, oxygen), and soil (13 nutrients)
- Macronutrients (large quantities): Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Sulphur
- Micronutrients (small quantities): Iron, Manganese, Boron, Zinc, Copper, Molybdenum, Chlorine
12.1.2 Irrigation and Cropping Patterns
- Most Indian agriculture is rain-fed and depends on monsoons
- Irrigation systems: Wells (dug wells, tube wells), Canals, River lift systems, Tanks
- Rainwater harvesting and watershed management increase water availability
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