Population : Distribution, Density, Growth and Composition
Uttarakhand Board · Class 12 · Geography
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Sources of Population Data and Distribution
- Census is conducted every 10 years in India - primary source of population data
- First complete Census was conducted in 1881 (first attempt in 1872)
- India has highly uneven population distribution across states and regions
Population Density
- Population density = Number of persons per unit area (per sq km)
- India's population density (2011) = 382 persons per sq km
- Density increased from 117 persons/sq km (1951) to 382 persons/sq km (2011)
Population Growth
- Population growth = change in number of people between two time periods
- India's annual growth rate (2011) = 1.64%
- Growth has natural component (birth-death rates) and induced component (migration)
Adolescent Population and Policies
- Adolescents (10-19 years) constitute 20.9% of India's population (2011)
- Male adolescents: 52.7%, Female adolescents: 47.3%
- Challenges: early marriage, illiteracy, school dropouts, malnutrition, maternal mortality
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